庭園主景植物之探討與盆栽技術之應用
中華盆栽作家協會 明道大學景觀設計學系
楊修會長1 莊財福助理教授2*
Hsiu Yang Tsai-Fu Chu
摘要
本文主要探討(1) 台灣盆栽技術的發展與現況及(2)盆栽技術如何應用於庭園主景植物，及造成景觀視覺的改善及地景藝術的感受。盆栽的歷史淵源長久，也是漢人文化之一。台灣溫暖潮濕的氣候讓盆栽素材生長快速，而且國人善於創新學習，反應迅速，更是創造世界盆栽奇蹟；此外台灣豐富而多變的原生盆栽素材，讓台灣盆栽界在世界上擁有一片天。近來隨著樹齡的累積以及栽培面積的增加，此外技術的進展，在盆栽風格上，逐漸走出以適應台灣風土與特色的獨特風格。在園林藝術中，主景樹的品種、外觀、樹型等因素居景觀視覺的重要因素，也可以變成一件藝術品。運用植物的特徵、姿態、色彩給人的不同感受而產生的比擬、聯想，作為某種情感的憑拖或表達某一意境。各種植物由於生長環境和抗禦外界環境變化的能力不同，在人們的觀念中留下了它們各自不同的性格特徵。從每一棵樹的在生命形式的「生長性」中，說明每一個生命體都有著自己生長、發展和消亡的規律.。在盆栽藝術中，生長性特徵表現為一種心理效果。因此，在樹枝的連續，並給它以方向性的延伸，讓人感覺其充滿動勢。憑藉這對樹性的瞭解可令人察覺或想像樹的生命變化。所以在盆栽藝術中具有方向性的運動就表現出生命形式的生長性特徵。因為在盆栽藝術中，線條所表現方向與動勢現象，形成了生命的生長性。此生長性以喻人或事，使生命的形式有更豐富的蘊涵及意義。「自然」乃是一個生生不已的創進歷程，而人則是這歷程中參贊化育的共同創造者，然而人能體察自然世界之森羅萬象。人心因為能自覺其所感覺之宇宙萬物的相互關係，而能發現自然之美；盆栽藝術不僅僅是可為道德精神的象徵，而且也是整個生命的象徵。盆栽是滲透著人的精神和情感、充滿人間情味的生命存在。盆栽和主景樹都是以植物為創作的媒材，透過這次的研究，把盆栽的精神與藝術性帶到景觀主景樹上。
關鍵字：主景植物、盆栽技術、地景藝術
ABSTRACT
In this study, the objectives are mainly investigated (1) the development and present situation of Bonsai in Taiwan (2)how to use Bonsai technology on garden main plant and, causing the improvement of the view vision and impression of the Land art. The historical origin of Bonsai is one of the Hans' culture for a long time. Due to the warm and moist climate in Taiwan, the types of Bonsai grow very fast, and Tainese are good at innovating, studying, and fasting response, resulting the miracle of Bonsai in the world; In addition, because of the abundant and catching original Bonsai, causing the Taiwan Bonsai people take an important role in the world. In these years, with the accumulation of the age of tree and the increase of the area of culture recently. In addition, due to the progress of technology, the style of Bonsai, went out gradually to meet the natural conditions and social customs of Taiwan . In landscape art, the variety, appearance, tree type are the main factors in the landscape vision. Using characteristic, posture, and color of plants give different impression of people and analogy that produce , associate, or expresses a certain artistic conception according to dragging as a certain emotion. Because the growth environment and ability to resist the external environment to change are different on various kinds of plants, having left their one's own personality characteristics in people's idea. From ' the growing ' in the life form of every tree, prove that every life entity has the laws of grown, developed and withered away by oneself. In Bonsai art, the growing characteristic is shown as a kind of psychological result. So, it is continuous in the branch, and give it the extension of directionality, let people feel it full of tendency of moving. According to making use of this knowledge of tree to make people perceive or imagine the life change of the tree. This growth makes the form of the life have more abundant containing and meanings by explaining people or the thing. It is that one grows and grows the wound endlessly and enters the course ' naturally ', people are common creators which the counsellor breeds in this course , but people can observe and learn the natural world myriads of things by experience . Heart because can conscientious universe interreaction of everything felt their, and can find natural beauty; Not only Bonsai art is the symbol that the morals are spiritual, but also the symbol of the whole life too. It is that spirit, emotion, life full of human world interests which permeate people exist to be cultivated in a pot. The main scene trees and Bonsai are all regard plant as the matchmaker creating material. Through this research, we take spirit and artistry of Bonsai to the main scene tree of Landscape view.
Keyword: Main scene plant, the technology of Bonsai, Land art , Bonsai
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第一作者：楊修E-mail:yangshiou@yahoo.com.tw
通訊作者：莊財福E-mail:tfchuang@mdu.edu.tw
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